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初中英语句子成分学习
第一种句子成分——主语是句子所叙述的主体，是发出动作的事物! 或者表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。 Harry potter is the hero in this book.
We often speak english in class.
Playing basketball is interesting.
试着找出下列句子的主语
He is tall.
He works hard.
I believe him.
I believe that he is honest.
To learn English is important.
Swimming is a sport he enjoys.
That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class. 用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代，叫形式主语，真实主语在句中都后移，如： It is important to learn English.
It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the world
第二种句子成分——谓语“做什么(动作)”“是什么东西”“怎么样(特性)”。总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致! I saw your brother yesterday.
Please look after the twins.
David`s hobby is writting.
You may keep the book for two weeks.
快来找找下列句子的谓语：
My mom is weaving a sweater.
The little boy is crying for his dog.
She looks so amazing.
I am so happy for you.
You are not my cup of tea.
特别友情提示：用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致
I like homework.
She likes the boy next classroom.
Ultraman beats little monters.
I am a cute boy.
She is beautiful.
Her children are naughty like monkeys.
第三种句子成分——宾语位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象，承受者或结果。主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。
He did his English homework. (名词作宾语)
The workers are building the bridge. (名词作宾语)
I enjoy sharing my work experience. (动词ing形式作宾语)
She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语) She said she felt sick. (从句作宾语)
We often help him. (代词作宾语)
He likes playing basketball. (动名词V-ing作宾语) He likes to play basketball. (不定式作宾语)
能不能分辨出下面句子的宾语呢?
The boys were watching the world cup match.
Can you feel the power of love?
We enjoy listening to the music.
She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.
Zhang Yimou made a love movie.
第四种句子成分——表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
I am a teacher.
She is beautiful.
This song sounds good.
Leaves turned green.
找出下面句子的表语
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious.
I am fine .
He is a boy .
Five plus two is seven .
We are here .
He is not at home .
My hobby is reading .
第五种句子成分——状语，可位于句首、句末或句中，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作，行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。
He speaks English very well. (表程度)
He is playing under the tree. (表地点)
I come to see you. (表目的)
Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. (表时间，地点)
The boy was praised for his bravery. (表原因)
If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. (表条件)
初中英语句子成分阅读
第一大类句子结构：
功能：不表示具体动作，表示主语的特点或者性质特征，所以也叫主语补足语。
1. 主语+系动词+表语(SVP)+【状语】
be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“…是…”，“…变成…”,或者“是什么样”等意思。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。
I am a teacher.
He become a scientist.
My sister is out now.
They are honest.
在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些行为动词，当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括：
五"变" become / get /turn / go /grow
五"感官" look (眼)看起来
sound (耳)听起来
taste (口)尝起来
smell (鼻)闻起来
feel (手)摸起来
Children grow wiser as they grow.
The lijiang river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.
Dinner smells good.
His voice sounded strange on the phone.
The cake tastes delicious.
第二大类句子结构
2. SS主语+VI谓语+(其他) 功能：表达具体的动作，表示主语发出什么样的动作，做什么样的事。 主语+VI谓语(不及物动词VI)+【状语】
这是英语里最基本的句型“主语+不及物动词”构成的句子的基本部分。VI(不及物动词)后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、目的等，可以有状语来修饰。
Class begins.
His father has gone abroad.
Jim runs in the park.
We stopped to have a rest.
但是有些动词既可以作不及物动词又可以作及物动词。
They are playing on the playground.
They`re playing football.
They are studying.
They are studying English.
3. S主语+VT谓语(及物动词)+O宾语+【状语】
在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语来充当。 She likes English. (名词作宾语)
He stopped writing. (动词-ing形式作宾语)
They want to go. (不定式作宾语)
She knows what to do next. (“疑问词+不定式”作宾语)
有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。例如，You must listen to me.(你必须听我的。)listen是不及物动词。但是加上to之后，listen to就相当于一个及物动词，它后面就可以跟宾语me.类似的还有look at, laugh at, quarrel with等。