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初中英语语法——句型转换之同义句
同义句转换是句型转换题型中一种非常重要的形式。所谓同义句转换，是指用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示相同或相近的意思。它是中考命题的一大热点。现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳，以期对同学们的中考复习有所帮助。一、用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写。1。 The children are wearing beautiful clothes。 The children are_________beautiful clothes。 2。 Every day，Yao Ming receives E-mails from thousands of basketball fans。 Every day，Yao Ming_________thousands of basketball fans。 3。 Mr。 Smith is working。 Mr。 Smith is__________ __________。 答案：1。 in 2。 hears from 3。 at work 简析：英语中有不少同义、近义词(组)，在平时学习中要注意总结归纳。如：enjoy oneself/have a good time， look after/take care of，difficult/hard， can/be able to，over/more than，receive(get)a letter from/hear from等等。二、用反义词(组)改写。4。 Chinese is more popular than Japanese。Japanese is__________popular__________Chinese。 5。 The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race。 The runner_________ __________the others in the race。 6。 A computer is more useful than a VCD。A VCD is not_________useful_________a computer。 答案：4。 less， than 5。 fell behind 6。 as，as 简析：此类转换应注意有时主语位置会改变，并要特别总结归纳反义词(组)。如：new-old， big-small， long-short， more than-less than等。三、用同义句型改写。7。 Ann spent two weeks getting ready for the exams。 It________Ann two weeks to__________ready for the exams。 8。 She spent 30 dollars on the English-Chinese dictionary。 TheEnglish-Chinese dictionary__________ ___________30 dollars。 答案：7。 took， get 8。 cost her 简析：此类转换必须弄清每个句型的构成特点，而且还要注意句中每个句型的固定搭配。如：give sb。 sth。与give sth。 to sb。的转换，spend some time(in)doing sth。／on sth。与It takes sb。some time to do sth。的转换等等。四、二句并一句转换为简单句。9。 Jim doesn't like noodles，and Jack doesn't，either。 _________Jim_________Jack likes noodles。10。 Mrs。 Smith is my teacher。 She is also my good friend。 Mrs。 Smith is_________ _________my teacher_________ _________my good friend。 答案：9。 Neither，nor 10。not only，but also 简析：英语中常用not only。。。 but also，either。。。 or，neither。。。 nor，both。。。 and等连词把两个意义相关的简单句合并成一个简单句。解题过程中要注意连词的选用和主谓一致原则。除此之外，还可用too。。。 to，enough to等把两个简单句合并成另一简单句。如：Tom is young。 He can't go to school。→Tom is too young to go to school。 五、用派生词或多义词改写。11。 The snow was heavy last night。It_________ _________last night。答案：snowed heavily 简析：句中名词snow和形容词heavy转换成了动词snowed和副词heavily。六、并列句与复合句的互换。12。 If you play basketball here，you may break the windows。_________play basketball here，_________you may break the windows。 13。 Go on planting trees for two more years and the hill will be covered with green trees。 If we go on planting trees，the hill will_________ _________in two_________ _________。 答案：12。 Don't，or 13。 turn green，years' time 简析：含有祈使句的并列句，可转换为含if条件句的复合句。七、简单句与复合句的互换。14。 Do you know how you can get the kite down from the tree?Do you know_________ _________get the kite down from the tree?答案: how to简析：复合句转换为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组，使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有：(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词短语替换；(2)将宾语从句简化为"疑问词＋不定式"(3)将so。。。 that。。。 (such。。。 that。。。 )引导的状语从句简化为含有too。。。 to。。。 (或enough to)的简单句；(4)将if引导的状语从句简化为"祈使句，and(or)＋句子"。八、综合转换。15。 Something is wrong with that machine。That machine_________ _________。答案：doesn't work简析：综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上，对原句重新进行概括表达，它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。至于一些特殊形式的变化，同学们在解题过程中要不断归纳总结，彻底掌握它们。下面就请你做几道练习题一试身手吧！1。 Bike is short for bicycle。 Bike is__________________ _________saying bicycle。 2。 It took Mary an hour to do her homework last night。 Mary________an hour_________her homework last night。3。 They made him work 12 hours a day。 He__________________ _________ _________ 12 hours a day。 4。 I am a League member。 He is a League member，too。 _________he_________I _________League members。 5。 He is so young that he can't join the army。 He is_________young________the army。 6。 The player smiled and jumped into the river。 The player jumped into the river_________ _________ _________。 7。 Mr。 Brown left London six years ago。 Mr。 Brown_________ _________ _________ _________London for six years。 8。 The earth is bigger than the moon。 The moon Is_________ _________ _________ _________the earth。 9。 He is one of my friends。 He is a friend _________ _________。 10。 The teacher told us that we should not meet at the school gate。 The teacher told us_________ _________ _________at the school gate。 11。 I have something to tell you。 It's interesting。 Ihave_________ _________ to tell you。 12。 I saw them playing basketball there。 I saw_________they_________ _________basketball there。13。 Listen carefully，and you'll become more interested。 _________ __